-
1 Macintosh, Charles
[br]b. 29 December 1766 Glasgow, Scotlandd. 25 July 1843 Dunchattan, near Glasgow, Scotland[br]Scottish inventor of rubberized waterproof clothing.[br]As the son of the well-known and inventive dyer George Macintosh, Charles had an early interest in chemistry. At the age of 19 he gave up his work as a clerk with a Glasgow merchant to manufacture sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride) and developed new processes in dyeing. In 1797 he started the first Scottish alum works, finding the alum in waste shale from coal mines. His first works was at Hurlet, Renfrewshire, and was followed later by others. He then formed a partnership with Charles Tennant, the proprietor of a chemical works at St Rollox, near Glasgow, and sold "lime bleaching liquor" made with chlorine and milk of lime from their bleach works at Darnley. A year later the use of dry lime to make bleaching powder, a process worked out by Macintosh, was patented. Macintosh remained associated with Tennant's St Rollox chemical works until 1814. During this time, in 1809, he had set up a yeast factory, but it failed because of opposition from the London brewers.There was a steady demand for the ammonia that gas works produced, but the tar was often looked upon as an inconvenient waste product. Macintosh bought all the ammonia and tar that the Glasgow works produced, using the ammonia in his establishment to produce cudbear, a dyestuff extracted from various lichens. Cudbear could be used with appropriate mordants to make shades from pink to blue. The tar could be distilled to produce naphtha, which was used as a flare. Macintosh also became interested in ironmaking. In 1825 he took out a patent for converting malleable iron into steel by taking it to white heat in a current of gas with a carbon content, such as coal gas. However, the process was not commercially successful because of the difficulty keeping the furnace gas-tight. In 1828 he assisted J.B. Neilson in bringing hot blast into use in blast furnaces; Neilson assigned Macintosh a share in the patent, which was of dubious benefit as it involved him in the tortuous litigation that surrounded the patent until 1843.In June 1823, as a result of experiments into the possible uses of naphtha obtained as a by-product of the distillation of coal tar, Macintosh patented his process for waterproofing fabric. This comprised dissolving rubber in naphtha and applying the solution to two pieces of cloth which were afterwards pressed together to form an impermeable compound fabric. After an experimental period in Glasgow, Macintosh commenced manufacture in Manchester, where he formed a partnership with H.H.Birley, B.Kirk and R.W.Barton. Birley was a cotton spinner and weaver and was looking for ways to extend the output of his cloth. He was amongst the first to light his mills with gas, so he shared a common interest with Macintosh.New buildings were erected for the production of waterproof cloth in 1824–5, but there were considerable teething troubles with the process, particularly in the spreading of the rubber solution onto the cloth. Peter Ewart helped to install the machinery, including a steam engine supplied by Boulton \& Watt, and the naphtha was supplied from Macintosh's works in Glasgow. It seems that the process was still giving difficulties when Thomas Hancock, the foremost rubber technologist of that time, became involved in 1830 and was made a partner in 1834. By 1836 the waterproof coat was being called a "mackintosh" [sic] and was gaining such popularity that the Manchester business was expanded with additional premises. Macintosh's business was gradually enlarged to include many other kinds of indiarubber products, such as rubber shoes and cushions.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1823.Further ReadingG.Macintosh, 1847, Memoir of Charles Macintosh, London (the fullest account of Charles Macintosh's life).T.Hancock, 1957, Narrative of the Indiarubber Manufacture, London.H.Schurer, 1953, "The macintosh: the paternity of an invention", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 28:77–87 (an account of the invention of the mackintosh).RLH / LRD -
2 Chemical technology
-
3 Textiles
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Dore, Samuel GriswoldHeilmann, JosuéLevers, JohnLister, Samuel CunliffeMa JunSong Yingxing -
4 Hancock, Thomas
SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology[br]b. 8 May 1786 Marlborough, Wiltshire, Englandd. 26 March 1865 Stoke Newington, London, England[br]English founder of the British rubber industry.[br]After education at a private school in Marlborough, Hancock spent some time in "mechanical pursuits". He went to London to better himself and c.1819 his interest was aroused in the uses of rubber, which until then had been limited. His first patent, dated 29 April 1820, was for the application of rubber in clothing where some elasticity was useful, such as braces or slip-on boots. He noticed that freshly cut pieces of rubber could be made to adhere by pressure to form larger pieces. To cut up his imported and waste rubber into small pieces, Hancock developed his "masticator". This device consisted of a spiked roller revolving in a hollow cylinder. However, when rubber was fed in to the machine, the product was not the expected shredded rubber, but a homogeneous cylindrical mass of solid rubber, formed by the heat generated by the process and pressure against the outer cylinder. This rubber could then be compacted into blocks or rolled into sheets at his factory in Goswell Road, London; the blocks and sheets could be used to make a variety of useful articles. Meanwhile Hancock entered into partnership with Charles Macintosh in Manchester to manufacture rubberized, waterproof fabrics. Despite these developments, rubber remained an unsatisfactory material, becoming sticky when warmed and losing its elasticity when cold. In 1842 Hancock encountered specimens of vulcanized rubber prepared by Charles Goodyear in America. Hancock worked out for himself that it was made by heating rubber and sulphur, and obtained a patent for the manufacture of the material on 21 November 1843. This patent also included details of a new form of rubber, hardened by heating to a higher temperature, that was later called vulcanite, or ebonite. In 1846 he began making solid rubber tyres for road vehicles. Overall Hancock took out sixteen patents, covering all aspects of the rubber industry; they were a leading factor in the development of the industry from 1820 until their expiry in 1858.[br]Bibliography1857, Personal Narrative of the Origin and Progress of the Caoutchouc or Indiarubber Manufacture in England, London.Further ReadingH.Schurer, 1953, "The macintosh: the paternity of an invention", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 28:77–87.LRD -
5 Dale, David
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]b. 6 January 1739 Stewarton, Ayrshire, Scotlandd. 17 March 1806 Glasgow, Scotland[br]Scottish developer of a large textile business in find around Glasgow, including the cotton-spinning mills at New Lanark.[br]David Dale, the son of a grocer, began his working life by herding cattle. His connection with the textile industry started when he was apprenticed to a Paisley weaver. After this he travelled the country buying home-spun linen yarns, which he sold in Glasgow. At about the age of 24 he settled in Glasgow as Clerk to a silk merchant. He then started a business importing fine yarns from France and Holland for weaving good-quality cloths such as cambrics. Dale was to become one of the pre-eminent yarn dealers in Scotland. In 1778 he acquired the first cotton-spinning mill built in Scotland by an English company at Rothesay on the Isle of Bute. In 1784 he met Richard Arkwright, who was touring Scotland, and together they visited the Falls of the Clyde near the town of Lanark. Arkwright immediately recognized the potential of the site for driving water-powered mills. Dale acquired part of the area from Lord Braxfield and in 1785 began to build his first mill there in partnership with Arkwright. The association with Arkwright soon ceased, however, and by c.1795 Dale had erected four mills. Because the location of the mills was remote, he built houses for the workers and then employed pauper children brought from the slums of Edinburgh and Glasgow; at one time there were over 400 of them. Dale's attitude to his workers was benevolent and humane. He tried to provide reasonable working conditions and the mills were well designed with a large workshop in which machinery was constructed. Dale was also a partner in mills at Catrine, Newton Stewart, Spinningdale in Sutherlandshire and some others. In 1785 he established the first Turkey red dye works in Scotland and was in partnership with George Macintosh, the father of Charles Macintosh. Dale manufactured cloth in Glasgow and from 1783 was Agent for the Royal Bank of Scotland, a lucrative position. In 1799 he was persuaded by Robert Owen to sell the New Lanark mills for £60,000 to a Manchester partnership which made Owen the Manager. Owen had married Dale's daughter, Anne Caroline, in 1799. Possibly due in part to poor health, Dale retired in 1800 to Rosebank near Glasgow, having made a large fortune. In 1770 he had withdrawn from the established Church of Scotland and founded a new one called the "Old Independents". He visited the various branches of this Church, as well as convicts in Bridewell prison, to preach. He was also a great benefactor to the poor in Glasgow. He had a taste for music and sang old Scottish songs with great gusto.[br]Further ReadingDictionary of National Biography.R.Owen, 1857, The Life of Robert Owen, written by himself, London (mentions Dale).Through his association with New Lanark and Robert Owen, details about Dale may be found in J.Butt (ed.), 1971, Robert Owen, Prince of Cotton Spinners, Newton Abbot; S.Pollard and J.Salt (eds), 1971, Robert Owen, Prophet of the Poor: essays in honour of the two-hundredth anniversary of his birth, London.RLH -
6 Ewart, Peter
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]b. 14 May 1767 Traquair, near Peebles, Scotlandd. September 1842 London, England[br]Scottish pioneer in the mechanization of the textile industry.[br]Peter Ewart, the youngest of six sons, was born at Traquair manse, where his father was a clergyman in the Church of Scotland. He was educated at the Free School, Dumfries, and in 1782 spent a year at Edinburgh University. He followed this with an apprenticeship under John Rennie at Musselburgh before moving south in 1785 to help Rennie erect the Albion corn mill in London. This brought him into contact with Boulton \& Watt, and in 1788 he went to Birmingham to erect a waterwheel and other machinery in the Soho Manufactory. In 1789 he was sent to Manchester to install a steam engine for Peter Drinkwater and thus his long connection with the city began. In 1790 Ewart took up residence in Manchester as Boulton \& Watt's representative. Amongst other engines, he installed one for Samuel Oldknow at Stockport. In 1792 he became a partner with Oldknow in his cotton-spinning business, but because of financial difficulties he moved back to Birmingham in 1795 to help erect the machines in the new Soho Foundry. He was soon back in Manchester in partnership with Samuel Greg at Quarry Bank Mill, Styal, where he was responsible for developing the water power, installing a steam engine, and being concerned with the spinning machinery and, later, gas lighting at Greg's other mills.In 1798, Ewart devised an automatic expansion-gear for steam engines, but steam pressures at the time were too low for such a device to be effective. His grasp of the theory of steam power is shown by his paper to the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society in 1808, On the Measure of Moving Force. In 1813 he patented a power loom to be worked by the pressure of steam or compressed air. In 1824 Charles Babbage consulted him about automatic looms. His interest in textiles continued until at least 1833, when he obtained a patent for a self-acting spinning mule, which was, however, outclassed by the more successful one invented by Richard Roberts. Ewart gave much help and advice to others. The development of the machine tools at Boulton \& Watt's Soho Foundry has been mentioned already. He also helped James Watt with his machine for copying sculptures. While he continued to run his own textile mill, Ewart was also in partnership with Charles Macintosh, the pioneer of rubber-coated cloth. He was involved with William Fairbairn concerning steam engines for the boats that Fairbairn was building in Manchester, and it was through Ewart that Eaton Hodgkinson was introduced to Fairbairn and so made the tests and calculations for the tubes for the Britannia Railway Bridge across the Menai Straits. Ewart was involved with the launching of the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway as he was a director of the Manchester Chamber of Commerce at the time.In 1835 he uprooted himself from Manchester and became the first Chief Engineer for the Royal Navy, assuming responsibility for the steamboats, which by 1837 numbered 227 in service. He set up repair facilities and planned workshops for overhauling engines at Woolwich Dockyard, the first establishment of its type. It was here that he was killed in an accident when a chain broke while he was supervising the lifting of a large boiler. Engineering was Ewart's life, and it is possible to give only a brief account of his varied interests and connections here.[br]Further ReadingObituary, 1843, "Institution of Civil Engineers", Annual General Meeting, January. Obituary, 1843, Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society Memoirs (NS) 7. R.L.Hills, 1987–8, "Peter Ewart, 1767–1843", Manchester Literary and PhilosophicalSociety Memoirs 127.M.B.Rose, 1986, The Gregs of Quarry Bank Mill The Rise and Decline of a Family Firm, 1750–1914, Cambridge (covers E wart's involvement with Samuel Greg).R.L.Hills, 1970, Power in the Industrial Revolution, Manchester; R.L.Hills, 1989, Powerfrom Steam, Cambridge (both look at Ewart's involvement with textiles and steam engines).RLH -
7 CSM
1) Общая лексика: конфокальная сканирующая микроскопия (Confocal Scan Microscopy), Counter-Strike Mapping2) Геология: Certified Survey Map3) Авиация: Computer Software Manual, constant speed motor4) Спорт: Card Shuffling Machine5) Военный термин: Cheyenne Support Module, Commander, Submarines, Mediterranean, Company Sergent Major, Compartmented Security Mode, calendar maintenance supervisor, chief of staff memorandum, close support missile, close support mission, command sergeant major, communications security materials, communications security monitoring, company sergeant-major, continental shelf mine, critical supplies and materials6) Техника: cement stabilized mine stone, clutter suppression measures, computerized semiconductor measurement system7) Химия: Control Strip Module8) Математика: метод выпуклого симплекса (convex-simplex method)9) Религия: Christian Student Ministries10) Фармакология: Комитет по безопасности лекарственных средств (в Соединенном Королевстве)11) Астрономия: Central Star Magnitude12) Грубое выражение: Crazy Stupid Man, Cute And Sexy Mama13) Сокращение: Chemical Surety Material, Christian Science Monitor, Combat Support Module, Company Sergeant Major (British Army), Copper Stretch Metal, Customer Satisfaction Measurement (survey), cutter soil mix, Command and Service Module (Apollo spacecraft)14) Университет: Christian Student Movement, Cluster System Management, College Of San Mateo, College Of Science And Mathematics, Colorado School of Mines15) Физиология: Conventional Scientific Medicine16) Электроника: Control System Management17) Вычислительная техника: Central Services Module, Command and Service Module (Apollo spacecraft, Space)18) Нефть: consolidated supply management19) Иммунология: Clinically Standardized Meditation20) Онкология: U K Committee on Safety of Medicines21) Космонавтика: climate system monitoring (WMO), Communication Satellite Monitoring (мониторинг спутников связи)22) Транспорт: Conceptual Site Model23) Воздухоплавание: Command Service Module24) Фирменный знак: Central Sugar Milling26) Деловая лексика: Communications Sponsorship And Marketing, Component And Supplier Management, Corporate Sustainability Management, Customer Service Manager27) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Center for Standardization and Metrology28) Образование: Colorado School of Mines (автор: Есенжан)29) Сетевые технологии: Call Switching Module, Communications Services Manager, central service module, центральный обслуживающий модуль30) Полимеры: cation selective membrane, хлорсульфонированные полиэтилены31) Пластмассы: ChloroSulfonated Polyethylene Rubber32) Океанография: Climate System Monitoring, Cooperative Study in the Mediterranean33) Химическое оружие: Chemical surety materiel34) Микроскопия: confocal scanning microscopy, КСМ, конфокальный сканирующий микроскоп, конфокальный сканирующий микроскопия36) Расширение файла: Borland C++ 4.5 Precompiled header, Control Strip Module (Macintosh), Code Set Map (file)37) Энергосистемы: Capacity Support Mechanism38) Имена и фамилии: Charles S. Morris39) Фармация: Committee on the Safety of Medicines40) Здравоохранение: Committee on Safety of Medicines41) Чат: Cigarette Smoking Man42) Аэропорты: CLINTON SHERMAN Airport, Sherman, Oklahoma43) Программное обеспечение: Character Studio Marker44) AMEX. Merrill Lynch & Company, Inc. -
8 csm
1) Общая лексика: конфокальная сканирующая микроскопия (Confocal Scan Microscopy), Counter-Strike Mapping2) Геология: Certified Survey Map3) Авиация: Computer Software Manual, constant speed motor4) Спорт: Card Shuffling Machine5) Военный термин: Cheyenne Support Module, Commander, Submarines, Mediterranean, Company Sergent Major, Compartmented Security Mode, calendar maintenance supervisor, chief of staff memorandum, close support missile, close support mission, command sergeant major, communications security materials, communications security monitoring, company sergeant-major, continental shelf mine, critical supplies and materials6) Техника: cement stabilized mine stone, clutter suppression measures, computerized semiconductor measurement system7) Химия: Control Strip Module8) Математика: метод выпуклого симплекса (convex-simplex method)9) Религия: Christian Student Ministries10) Фармакология: Комитет по безопасности лекарственных средств (в Соединенном Королевстве)11) Астрономия: Central Star Magnitude12) Грубое выражение: Crazy Stupid Man, Cute And Sexy Mama13) Сокращение: Chemical Surety Material, Christian Science Monitor, Combat Support Module, Company Sergeant Major (British Army), Copper Stretch Metal, Customer Satisfaction Measurement (survey), cutter soil mix, Command and Service Module (Apollo spacecraft)14) Университет: Christian Student Movement, Cluster System Management, College Of San Mateo, College Of Science And Mathematics, Colorado School of Mines15) Физиология: Conventional Scientific Medicine16) Электроника: Control System Management17) Вычислительная техника: Central Services Module, Command and Service Module (Apollo spacecraft, Space)18) Нефть: consolidated supply management19) Иммунология: Clinically Standardized Meditation20) Онкология: U K Committee on Safety of Medicines21) Космонавтика: climate system monitoring (WMO), Communication Satellite Monitoring (мониторинг спутников связи)22) Транспорт: Conceptual Site Model23) Воздухоплавание: Command Service Module24) Фирменный знак: Central Sugar Milling26) Деловая лексика: Communications Sponsorship And Marketing, Component And Supplier Management, Corporate Sustainability Management, Customer Service Manager27) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Center for Standardization and Metrology28) Образование: Colorado School of Mines (автор: Есенжан)29) Сетевые технологии: Call Switching Module, Communications Services Manager, central service module, центральный обслуживающий модуль30) Полимеры: cation selective membrane, хлорсульфонированные полиэтилены31) Пластмассы: ChloroSulfonated Polyethylene Rubber32) Океанография: Climate System Monitoring, Cooperative Study in the Mediterranean33) Химическое оружие: Chemical surety materiel34) Микроскопия: confocal scanning microscopy, КСМ, конфокальный сканирующий микроскоп, конфокальный сканирующий микроскопия36) Расширение файла: Borland C++ 4.5 Precompiled header, Control Strip Module (Macintosh), Code Set Map (file)37) Энергосистемы: Capacity Support Mechanism38) Имена и фамилии: Charles S. Morris39) Фармация: Committee on the Safety of Medicines40) Здравоохранение: Committee on Safety of Medicines41) Чат: Cigarette Smoking Man42) Аэропорты: CLINTON SHERMAN Airport, Sherman, Oklahoma43) Программное обеспечение: Character Studio Marker44) AMEX. Merrill Lynch & Company, Inc. -
9 mac(k)intosh
['mækɪntɔʃ]1) ткань "макинто́ш" ( водоотталкивающая)2) макинто́ш ( плащ из такой ткани)по имени изобретателя прорезиненной ткани химика Ч.Макинтоша [Charles Macintosh, 1766-1843]English-Russian Great Britain dictionary (Великобритания. Лингвострановедческий словарь) > mac(k)intosh
-
10 mac(k)intosh
['mækɪntɔʃ]1) ткань "макинто́ш" ( водоотталкивающая)2) макинто́ш ( плащ из такой ткани)по имени изобретателя прорезиненной ткани химика Ч.Макинтоша [Charles Macintosh, 1766-1843]English-Russian Great Britain dictionary (Великобритания. Лингвострановедческий словарь) > mac(k)intosh
-
11 Neilson, James Beaumont
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 22 June 1792 Shettleston, near Glasgow, Scotlandd. 18 January 1865 Queenshill, Kirkcudbright-shire, Scotland[br]Scottish inventor of hot blast in ironmaking.[br]After leaving school before the age of 14 Neilson followed his father in tending colliery-steam engines. He continued in this line while apprenticed to his elder brother and afterwards rose to engine-wright at Irvine colliery. That failed and Neilson obtained work as Foreman at the first gasworks to be set up in Glasgow. After five years he became Manager and Engineer to the works, remaining there for thirty years. He introduced a number of improvements into gas manufacture, such as the use of clay retorts, iron sulphate as a purifier and the swallow-tail burner. He had meanwhile benefited from studying physics and chemistry at the Andersonian University in Glasgow.Neilson is best known for introducing hot blast into ironmaking. At that time, ironmasters believed that cold blast produced the best results, since furnaces seemed to make more and better iron in the winter than the summer. Neilson found that by leading the air blast through an iron chamber heated by a coal fire beneath it, much less fuel was needed to convert the iron ore to iron. He secured a patent in 1828 and managed to persuade Clyde Ironworks in Glasgow to try out the device. The results were immediately favourable, and the use of hot blast spread rapidly throughout the country and abroad. The equipment was improved, raising the blast temperature to around 300°C (572°F), reducing the amount of coal, which was converted into coke, required to produce a tonne of iron from 10 tonnes to about 3. Neilson entered into a partnership with Charles Macintosh and others to patent and promote the process. Successive, and successful, lawsuits against those who infringed the patent demonstrates the general eagerness to adopt hot blast. Beneficial though it was, the process did not become really satisfactory until the introduction of hot-blast stoves by E.A. Cowper in 1857.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1846.Further ReadingS.Smiles, Industrial Biography, Ch. 9 (offers the most detailed account of Neilson's life). Proc. Instn. Civ. Engrs., vol. 30, p. 451.J.Percy, 1851, Metallurgy: Iron and Steel (provides a detailed history of hot blast).W.K.V.Gale, 1969, Iron and Steel, London: Longmans (provides brief details).LRDBiographical history of technology > Neilson, James Beaumont
См. также в других словарях:
MacIntosh, Charles — (1766 1843) Charles Macintosh was born in Glasgow, Scotland. His father had a successful dyeing business, which is where Macintosh first became interested in science. In 1797, he opened a chemical factory and invented a series of processes and … Historical Dictionary of the Fashion Industry
Macintosh, Charles — ▪ Scottish chemist born Dec. 29, 1766, Glasgow died July 25, 1843, near Glasgow Scottish chemist, best known for his invention in 1823 of a method for making waterproof garments by using rubber dissolved in coal tar naphtha for cementing… … Universalium
Charles Macintosh — Charles Macintosh. Charles Macintosh (29 de diciembre de 1766–25 de julio de 1843) fue un químico escocés e inventor de la prenda de vestir resistente al agua (waterproof) (impermeable). El abrigo impermeable Mackintosh se nombró así en su honor … Wikipedia Español
MacIntosh — Macintosh, Mackintosh, McIntosh, MacKintosh bezeichnet: Apple Macintosh, eine Computerbaureihe Mackintosh (Regenmantel), ein Regenmantel McIntosh (Apfel), eine Apfelsorte McIntosh Laboratory, ein Hi Fi Hersteller Rowntree Mackintosh, britischer… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Charles Rennie Mackintosh — Charles Mackintosh redirects here. For the chemist and inventor, see Charles Macintosh. Charles Rennie Mackintosh Charles Rennie Mackintosh (7 June 1868 – 10 December 1928) was a Scottish architect, designer, watercolourist and artist. He was a… … Wikipedia
Charles Macintosh — Charles Macintosh. Charles Macintosh (* 29. Dezember 1766 in Glasgow; † 25. Juli 1843 ) war ein schottischer Chemiker und der Erfinder des nach ihm benannten wasserdichten Regenmantels Mackintosh. Macintosh gelang in seiner chemischen Fabrik zu… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Charles Macintosh — [Charles Macintosh] (1766–1823) a Scottish ↑inventor who developed a material made of rubber to keep out water. A ‘mackintosh’ or ‘mac’ is now a word for any coat made of a similar material for keeping off rain … Useful english dictionary
Charles Macintosh — For those of a similar name, see Charles Mackintosh (disambiguation). Charles Macintosh Charles Macintosh Born 29 December 1766 Glasgow Died 25 July 1843 … Wikipedia
Charles Macintosh — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Mackintosh. Charles Macintosh. Charles Macintosh, né à Glasgow le 29 décembre 1766 … Wikipédia en Français
Macintosh (Begriffsklärung) — Macintosh, Mackintosh, McIntosh oder MacKintosh bezeichnet: Apple Macintosh, eine Computerbaureihe Mackintosh (Regenmantel), einen Regenmantel McIntosh (Apfel), eine Apfelsorte McIntosh Laboratory, einen Hi Fi Hersteller Rowntree Mackintosh,… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Charles L. Perkins — is the Founder and Chief Scientist of Virtual Rendezvous. He co wrote a popular book on Java in October, 1995 [1], and created some (now historical) Java class hierarchy diagrams [2]. An edited except of The Big Picture section (thru The… … Wikipedia
